Sudoku or crosswords may help keep your brain 10 years younger

Sudoku or crosswords may help keep yur brain 10 years youngerSudoku or crosswords may help keep your brain 10 years youngerA new study adds more evidence that puzzles can be effective for brain health.The verdict is still out, however, on how they can help us in the long-term or if they can help prevent cognitive decline.Follow Ladders on FlipboardFollow Ladders magazines on Flipboard covering Happiness, Productivity, Job Satisfaction, Neuroscience, and moreAccording to a recentstudypublished in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, the more people over 50 engage in games such as Sudoku and crosswords, the better their brains function.Researchers looked at data from about 19,100 participants in the PROTECT study to see how often they performed word and number puzzles. Then they used a series of tests to gauge attention, memory, and reasoning.In short, the more people engaged in puzzles, the better they performed on tests.People who do puzzles have brain function equivale nt to 10 years younger than their age, according to the study tests. On short-term memory tests, puzzle takers had brain function equivalent to eight years younger.The cross-sectional data analysis evaluated testing on about 19,000 people.The data was self-reported, and participants completed cognitive testing online.The improvements are particularly clear in the speed and accuracy of their performance. In some areas the improvement was quite dramatic, saidDr. Anne Corbett, lead author and dementia lecturer at the University of Exeter Medical School.We cant say that playing these puzzles necessarily reduces the risk of dementia in later life, Corbett said. But this research supports previous findings that indicate regular use of word and number puzzles helps keep our brains working better for longer.The researchers want to follow up with the participants as time passes. They also want to assess the impact of puzzle intensity as well as a factor in how long people engage in puzzles.R eal results?Dr. Jerri D. Edwards, a professor from the University of South Florida in Tampa who studies brain games and cognition, said that because the study is correlational - not randomized - it doesnt mean that playing gamescausesbetter cognition.It is likely that people who have better cognition like these activities and tend to engage in them, she told Healthline.Also, people without cognitive decline engage in these activities, but when they experience cognitive decline they are likely to quit doing so because they become frustrating or challenging, she said.She noted research that foundcognitive engagement in old agecan be a buffer from decline. She also citedresearch Trusted Sourcethat found that poorer cognitive function can cause a reduction in lifestyle including social activities.According to a largerandomized clinical trial, computerized cognitive training targeting speed of processing was better at protecting against decline over time among older adults compared to crossword puzzles, Edwards noted.Given that verbal abilities tend to improve with age, we tend to get better at word-related games in normal aging, Edwards said. On the other hand, some cognitive skills that tend to decline with age are mental quickness, divided attention, ignoring distraction, and shifting our attention. It is important to challenge our brains with these types of tasks with age.She encourages cognitive stimulation but said she wasnt aware of any evidence from randomized controlled trials that confirms it can improve cognitive performance or longitudinally reduce the risk of cognitive decline or dementia.Dr. Jessica Langbaum, an morbus alzheimers disease researcher from Arizona, and associate director for the alzheimer-krankheits Prevention Initiative, said theres evidence that doing cognitively stimulating activities such as puzzles can help with our abilities such as thinking, attention, and reasoning.What we do not know, however, is whether this is a direct causa l relationship, Langbaum told Healthline. We also do not know whether participating in these activities delay or prevent the onset of cognitive impairment such as dementia or dementia due to Alzheimers disease.She said the study findings were interesting but noted the data was self-reported, which may not be fully reliable.Brain balanceA key concept in both normal brain aging and dementia (including Alzheimers disease) is that our ability to function is a balance of brain pathology and the brains cognitive strength, explained Dr. Gayatri Devi, a neurologist specializing in memory disorders at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City.When the pathology is overwhelming, which happens in aggressive dementias, no amount of brain strength can help slow progression, she said.Thankfully, most kinds of dementia and Alzheimers are slowly progressive, and we can shore up our brains strength or cognitive reserve to either delay onset of dementia or to prevent it altogether.Using crossword puzzles and other mental exercises to strengthen our brain networks is one way to strengthen the brain, as is physical exercise.The trick is to keep the brain challenged and engaged as we get older, Devi said.You dont have to be a puzzle fanatic to boost your brain, though, you can also learn a new language or take up a new hobby.Regardless of the task, if the problem is challenging enough, all areas of the brain are more or less involved in trying to find a solution - which is good for overall strengthening of the brains networks and improving cognitive reserve, she said.The bottom lineAccording to a recentstudy, the more people over age 50 engage in games such as Sudoku and crosswords, the better their brains function.However, experts clarified that because the study is correlational, not randomized, it doesnt mean that playing games causes better cognition.But experts said challenging your brain either through puzzles or other methods like learning a language can help anyone stay engage d and cognitively sharp.This article first appeared on Healthline.You might also enjoyNew neuroscience reveals 4 rituals that will make you happyStrangers know your social class in the first seven words you say, study finds10 lessons from Benjamin Franklins daily schedule that will double your productivityThe worst mistakes you can make in an interview, according to 12 CEOs10 habits of mentally strong people

U.S. Army Military Education Promotion Points

U.S. Army Military Education vorrcken PointsU.S. Army Military Education Promotion PointsMilitary education points for aufsteigen for E-5/E-6 were revised in Army Regulation 600-8-19, published 19 December, 2015. There is a maximum of 200 points for promotion to SGT and 220 for promotion to SSG. Promotion Points for NCOES Courses Structured Self Development Courses No promotion points are given for structured self-development courses as completion of SSD 1/SSD 2 as they are requirements in order to be recommended therefore all candidates will have completed these courses. Basic Leader Course No promotion points are given for completion of Basic Leader Course (BLC) if you are competing for selection to SGT as it is a requirement to qualify for promotion. The DA Form 1059 must be made a matter of record. Promotion points are received for academic excellence in BLC, however. You can receive 20 promotion points for achieving commandants list status and 40 promotion points for achievi ng Distinguished Honor Graduate of the Distinguished Leadership Graduate. These must be verified on the DA Form 1059. Advance Leaders Course ALC is a requirement for promotion to SSG, so no points are given for completing it. Promotion points are received for academic excellence in ALC. You can receive 20 promotion points for achieving commandants list status and 40 promotion points for achieving Distinguished Honor Graduate of the Distinguished Leadership Graduate. These must be verified on the DA Form 1059. Army Training Requirements and Resources System Courses You can receivefour promotion points per week (40 training hours) for courses that are formally listed in ATTRS. You could receive these promotion points even if the course was a mandatory requirement for your MOS. You should ensure all of your courses are listed in your ATTRS transcript. Noncommissioned Officer Education System Courses that Carry No Promotion Points Other than those listed above, you will not receive promotion points for NCOES courses. These courses are excluded from carrying promotion points badge-producing courses, BCT, advanced individual training, new equipment training, USMAPS/U.S. Military Academy, language training, OCS, Warrant Officer Candidate Course, on-the-job training, on-the-job experience, Sergeants Time Trining, FEMA courses, and courses required to hold an MOS. Promotion Points for Ranger, Special Forces, and Sapper Courses You can be awarded 40 promotion points for completion of Ranger, Special Forces, or Sapper courses, but you must complete all phases of the courses to earn these points. Computer-Based Training You can earn a maximum of 80 points for promotion to SGT and 90 for promotion to SSG via computer-based nonresident training. These include military correspondence courses through ATRRS Self-development or Army e-Learning. You earn one point per five hours of Army Correspondence Course Program (ACCP) training. You must have completed the entire course. You dont get points for training that is duplicated with both a resident course and a correspondence or computer-based course. The full requirements and promotion points rules are available inArmy Regulation 600819 Personnel-General Enlisted Promotions and Reductions, published by Headquarters, Department of the Army, Washington, DC 18 December 2015 These are subject to further revision and you should consult the current regulation for any modifications.

Make Your Co-workers Frenemies (Video) - The Muse

Make Your Co-workers Frenemies (Video) - The MuseMake Your Co-workers Frenemies (Video) Truth Most places are better when you have friends there with you. And this is true for work, too. Muse writer Stacey Gawronski indicates that a work wife (or husband) can be someone you vent to, someone who can rein you in when youre about to freak out or send a snarky email, and- best of all- someone you can be yourself around. But what about the colleagues you dont get along with that well? Research shows that instead of automatically labeling these co-workers as Enemy 1, you should actually befriend them. Well- sort of. You wont share every deep dark secret with them, nor will they be the people you turn to when your boss is being difficult. But in a very Keep your friends close and your enemies closer type of way, there are benefits to making some of your co-workers your frenemies. Watch this video to find out what those benefits are.